Transplantation of liver or hepatic transplantation is defined as the replacement of a liver that is diseased or have failed, with a healthy liver, collected from another person. Liver transplant is one of the very common methods used today to replace a diseased liver mainly during the cases of end stage liver disease or acute liver failure. The Main limitation of this method is the availability of donor livers. In liver transplantation the disease liver is removed surgically and replaced by the liver donated in the same position as the original lever and this process or technique is known as orthotropic transplantation. The duration of these kinds of complex surgeries usually ranges from 4 to even 18 hours. The success of this type of surgery is depend on the recipient as well as the donor.
Reasons for liver transplantation are:
acute or chronic conditions
liver dysfunction
acute liver failure
Tumors
other relatively higher, irreversible and end-stage liver problems
Complications and risks of these kinds of surgeries involving liver transplantation are listed below.
Rejection due to immune mediated reasons. This problem can happen anytime few hours after the surgery or many months later. The rejection is usually of three types such as Hyper acute rejection, Acute rejection, Chronic rejection.
Other problems of this procedure include various physical findings such as bleeding jaundice and many as such.
Another types of complications usually include an increase in the number of white blood cells low fever anorexia, ache in in the muscles tenderness of graft site, malaise and other related problems.
Before transplantation of the liver, the liver support therapy is usually undertaken. Artificial liver support systems like liver dialysis are arranged and organized. Many hospitals and various medical centres and organizations are extensively using nowadays radiofrequency ablation on the liver tumor while wait for the transplantation of the liver. LDLT or Living Donor liver transplantation is now a new option for patients who are suffering from acute liver failure or end stage liver diseases like hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis and others. In this process of transplantation, a part of the healthy liver of a living person is surgically removed, and immediately after removing the recipients failed or disease liver, the healthy part is transplanted in the person in the same anatomic position.
In spite of all the medical advancements and scientific technological developments in the recent years there is a huge risk factor in the surgical transplantation of liver. Even potential donors or living donors have a huge risk of life.
There are many established hospitals where liver transplants are done. In various countries of the world, there are many liver transplantation hospitals for adults as well as minor children even babies. This process of surgical transplantation of a liver is a unique medical process, where the immediate immune rejection rate decreases with time. There are many best liver transplant hospitals in India. In these reputed hospitals professionally trained and experienced doctors take care of the liver transplantation surgeries with effective and safe procedure.